Abstract— Recently, medical image analysis is considered an essential step in the early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of liver disorders. After diagnosis, medical image analysis methods are used within the treatment course to track the recovery process. In addition, medical imaging analysis techniques are used to build a 3D computer model for body organs. This will help in reducing surgical medical errors by providing tools for advanced surgical aids, preoperative planning, and rehearsal. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the current work on liver disorders’ analysis using medical image analysis techniques. It discusses the existing medical imaging modalities, their characteristics, advantages and drawbacks. It also describes the recent liver lesions segmentation methods and makes a comparison between them in terms of their complexity, speed, noise sensitivity, advantages, and limitations. Moreover, this paper elucidates liver computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems and shows how they are used in accurate diagnosis of different liver disorders. On top of that, challenges facing the medical images’ analysis are introduced and future research trends in this area are discussed and analyzed.